We propose a Research and Training Network (RTN) to explore one of the most fundamental questions in modern science, the origin of mass of the elementary particles. The RTN will draw together worldwide expertise from several key areas in Particle Physics in order to exploit optimally the physics potential of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider of CERN, which will start operations in summer 2007 and is expected to provide data that will shed light to the above question. At the same time, the RTN will form a strong platform for training young European researchers and for promoting them to the frontline of this high profile research area. The strong links between the RTN institutes will allow the young researchers to get in close contact with experts in several different research topics, and hence will provide them with an all-around thorough training in key experimental and theoretical aspects of particle physics, as well as with a wide range of general transferable skills. This will enable them to take up a leading role in shaping the future of European Science in the decades to come. (Characters with spaces: 1,111)