Proton Calorimetry/Future Work: Difference between revisions

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=='''QuARC Goal'''==
== Personnel ==


* '''UCL''': Simon Jolly ('''SJ'''), Joseph Bateman ('''JB'''), Febian ('''F'''), Matt Warren ('''MW'''), Harry Barnett ('''HB''').
* '''Bari''' ('''Ba'''): Raffaella Radogna ('''RR''').
* '''Oxford University''' ('''Ox'''): Pete Hastings ('''PH'''), Mark Jones ('''MJ''').
* '''Imperial College''' ('''IC'''): Andy Rose ('''AR'''), Duncan Parker ('''DP'''), Munir Saleh ('''MS''').
* '''Heidelberg''' ('''He'''): Blake Leverington ('''BL'''), Julian Horn ('''JH''').


Measure the range of a 250 MeV proton beam with 0.1mm accuracy at 5 kHz, with no transverse position sensitivity in a 30 cm x 40 cm* field. The detector should be nozzle mounted and have all DAQ on board, with 1 power and 1 network connections to the outside world. It should be fully controlled by any web browser, and the GUI should include data review.
== Design Goals ==


''*Initially we will stick with a 10 cm x 10 cm field.''
* Real-time measurements of PBT beam range with sub-millimetre precision using plastic scintillator range telescope.
* Real-time measurement of PBT beam spot size/position with sub-millimetre precision using scintillating fibre arrays.
* Coverage of “clinically relevant” transverse scanning area and range:
** 230 MeV/330 mm range.
** 5 cm × 5 cm scanning area.
* Integration into single portable detector enclosure with single power and network inputs and nozzle mount.
* Full system control and display with web-based GUI from on-board DAQ.


== Current Status (October 2025) ==


==Scintillators and PD==
* QuARC tested in Trento:
* Scintillators uniform in thickness (3mm) and flatness.
** Calibration stable.
* Machine block clear polished sheets.
** Range measurements repeatable.
* For 245 MeV, is it doable to do 1 module of 32 PD with the 2.8mm thick and then 3 modules of 32 PD with scintillators 3mm thick?
** Full GUI control.
* For low energy just 1 module of 2.8mm
* Fibre array prototype tested in Trento:
* Photodiodes are OK, there are no issues in the coupling.
** Analogue Hamamatsu photodiode arrays and driver circuits.
** NI-driven DAQ.
** Fibre arrays assembled in Italy with 500 micron scintillating fibres.
** Repeatable, low noise measurements of beam position and profile at multiple positions and sizes.
 
== QuARC Development ==
 
* Reduce scintillator sheet thickness/photodiode spacing to 2.5 mm.
* Improve manufacturing process and surface finish.
* Move from 2 to 4-sided photodiode readout.
* Replace individual photodiodes with 16-element arrays.
* Daisy-chain electronics around 4 sides of single module.
* Increase scintillator area to 150 × 150 mm.
 
=== Scintillator Development ===
 
* Existing scintillator sheets need machining on Datron to improve quality and reduce thickness to 2.5 mm: '''HB'''.
* Superior quality scintillator blanks needed from Nuvia: '''HB''' and '''SJ''' to liaise with '''Hana Buresova'''.
* Move to larger area scintillator sheets once 100 mm sheet production refined.
 
=== Scintillator Modules ===
 
* Redesign scintillator stack holders for 4-sided readout: '''HB'''.
* Individual modules must be self-contained and pre-cabled on 3 sides with only top-mounted USB-C I/O connector needing to be connected when assembling.
 
=== Photodiodes and Electronics ===
 
* Front-end DDC boards need to shrink to accommodate Hamamatsu S12362 16-element arrays with 2.5 mm pitch: '''PH'''.
* Replace vertical USB-C connectors with horizontal and move to upstream end to match new 4-sided setup: '''PH''' to liaise with '''HB'''.
 
=== DAQ and GUI ===
 
* Replace Raspberry Pi/USB104 with QuADProBe Kria (see below): '''F'''.
* Live GUI frequently unresponsive, needs resolving: '''JB'''.
* Replace PapaParse with direct JSON input: '''JB'''.
* Ensure post processing and replay fully functional to review previous beam tests: '''JB'''.


==DAQ & Electronics==
=== Mechanical Design ===


Redesign of the analog circuit. The boards need a revision.
== QuADProBe Development ==


* We want everything to connect via usb-C (currently there is only one usb-C cable that does not work properly and it is a very long one). Did Saad discuss this with Marco? What was the outcome of the lab tests?
* 250 micron square scintillating fibre arrays: '''RR'''.
* We need all the power to come just from FPGA (5V, ~2A) ➾ the voltage regulator chips need to go.
* Hamamatsu digital S17285 photodiode array readout.
* Long usb-C between the daugther board and the DDC will be removed, and the two can connect directly [daughter board - bridge usb C board - (usb C cable) - bridge board - DDC board]
* Kria-based DAQ
* FPGA from Saad had some glitches that need to be resolved. Do we see those with Nexus as well as the usb104? ➾ On board fitting needs to be implemented


==Calibration==
==Calibration and data==
Is it possible to calibrate the detector withoy a proton beam?  
Is it possible to calibrate the detector without a proton beam?  
* Maybe an e- beam beta source?  
* Maybe an e- beam beta source?  
* Modify the geant4 simulation to verify what E will we need so there is no quenching?
* Modify the geant4 simulation to verify what E will we need so there is no quenching?
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* How can we design the modules so they can attach and detach easily? ➾ We need a robust design but not rigid
* How can we design the modules so they can attach and detach easily? ➾ We need a robust design but not rigid
* Power distribution?  
* Power distribution?  
* Beam windows?
* Beam windows? Light tight?
 


==Future beam tests==
==Future beam tests==

Revision as of 20:27, 7 October 2025

Personnel

  • UCL: Simon Jolly (SJ), Joseph Bateman (JB), Febian (F), Matt Warren (MW), Harry Barnett (HB).
  • Bari (Ba): Raffaella Radogna (RR).
  • Oxford University (Ox): Pete Hastings (PH), Mark Jones (MJ).
  • Imperial College (IC): Andy Rose (AR), Duncan Parker (DP), Munir Saleh (MS).
  • Heidelberg (He): Blake Leverington (BL), Julian Horn (JH).

Design Goals

  • Real-time measurements of PBT beam range with sub-millimetre precision using plastic scintillator range telescope.
  • Real-time measurement of PBT beam spot size/position with sub-millimetre precision using scintillating fibre arrays.
  • Coverage of “clinically relevant” transverse scanning area and range:
    • 230 MeV/330 mm range.
    • 5 cm × 5 cm scanning area.
  • Integration into single portable detector enclosure with single power and network inputs and nozzle mount.
  • Full system control and display with web-based GUI from on-board DAQ.

Current Status (October 2025)

  • QuARC tested in Trento:
    • Calibration stable.
    • Range measurements repeatable.
    • Full GUI control.
  • Fibre array prototype tested in Trento:
    • Analogue Hamamatsu photodiode arrays and driver circuits.
    • NI-driven DAQ.
    • Fibre arrays assembled in Italy with 500 micron scintillating fibres.
    • Repeatable, low noise measurements of beam position and profile at multiple positions and sizes.

QuARC Development

  • Reduce scintillator sheet thickness/photodiode spacing to 2.5 mm.
  • Improve manufacturing process and surface finish.
  • Move from 2 to 4-sided photodiode readout.
  • Replace individual photodiodes with 16-element arrays.
  • Daisy-chain electronics around 4 sides of single module.
  • Increase scintillator area to 150 × 150 mm.

Scintillator Development

  • Existing scintillator sheets need machining on Datron to improve quality and reduce thickness to 2.5 mm: HB.
  • Superior quality scintillator blanks needed from Nuvia: HB and SJ to liaise with Hana Buresova.
  • Move to larger area scintillator sheets once 100 mm sheet production refined.

Scintillator Modules

  • Redesign scintillator stack holders for 4-sided readout: HB.
  • Individual modules must be self-contained and pre-cabled on 3 sides with only top-mounted USB-C I/O connector needing to be connected when assembling.

Photodiodes and Electronics

  • Front-end DDC boards need to shrink to accommodate Hamamatsu S12362 16-element arrays with 2.5 mm pitch: PH.
  • Replace vertical USB-C connectors with horizontal and move to upstream end to match new 4-sided setup: PH to liaise with HB.

DAQ and GUI

  • Replace Raspberry Pi/USB104 with QuADProBe Kria (see below): F.
  • Live GUI frequently unresponsive, needs resolving: JB.
  • Replace PapaParse with direct JSON input: JB.
  • Ensure post processing and replay fully functional to review previous beam tests: JB.

Mechanical Design

QuADProBe Development

  • 250 micron square scintillating fibre arrays: RR.
  • Hamamatsu digital S17285 photodiode array readout.
  • Kria-based DAQ

Calibration and data

Is it possible to calibrate the detector without a proton beam?

  • Maybe an e- beam beta source?
  • Modify the geant4 simulation to verify what E will we need so there is no quenching?
  • Can we obtain average results to mitigate position sensitivity?

GUI

  • Implement any options needed that have user input
  • Replay and post-processing options
  • Version with full live detector control ➾ reset and relaunch options included
  • Check current varian control system: what does if offer and how do they control the detector? ➾ Check with Clatterbridge, Allison and A. Mazal

Mechanical design

  • For 245 MeV, is it doable to do 1 module of 32 PD with the 2.8mm thick and then 3 modules of 32 PD with scintillators 3mm thick?
  • How can we design the modules so they can attach and detach easily? ➾ We need a robust design but not rigid
  • Power distribution?
  • Beam windows? Light tight?

Future beam tests

  • Beam test where we check the shape and position of the BP (scanning field)
  • Real treatment plans
  • Testing with real gantry mount
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