Proton Calorimetry/Future Work: Difference between revisions

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* Real-time measurement of PBT beam spot size/position with sub-millimetre precision using scintillating fibre arrays.
* Real-time measurement of PBT beam spot size/position with sub-millimetre precision using scintillating fibre arrays.
* Coverage of “clinically relevant” transverse scanning area and range:
* Coverage of “clinically relevant” transverse scanning area and range:
** 230 MeV/330 mm range.
** 250 MeV/400 mm range.
** 5 cm × 5 cm scanning area.
** 5 cm × 5 cm scanning area.
* Integration into single portable detector enclosure with single power and network inputs and nozzle mount.
* Integration into single portable detector enclosure with single power and network inputs and nozzle mount.
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== QuARC Development ==
== QuARC Development ==


*  
* Reduce scintillator sheet thickness/photodiode spacing to 2.5 mm.
* Improve manufacturing process and surface finish.
* Move from 2 to 4-sided photodiode readout.
* Replace individual photodiodes with 16-element arrays.
* Daisy-chain electronics around 4 sides of single module.
* Increase scintillator area to 150 × 150 mm.


==Scintillators and PD==
=== Scintillator Development ===


* Scintillators uniform in thickness (3mm) and flatness.
* Existing scintillator sheets need machining on Datron to improve quality and reduce thickness to 2.5 mm: '''HB'''.
* Machine block clear polished sheets.
* Superior quality scintillator blanks needed from Nuvia: '''HB''' and '''SJ''' to liaise with '''Hana Buresova'''.
* For 245 MeV, is it doable to do 1 module of 32 PD with the 2.8mm thick and then 3 modules of 32 PD with scintillators 3mm thick?
* Move to larger area scintillator sheets once 100 mm sheet production refined.
* For low energy just 1 module of 2.8mm
* Photodiodes are OK, there are no issues in the coupling.


==DAQ & Electronics==
=== Scintillator Modules ===


Redesign of the analog circuit. The boards need a revision.
* Redesign scintillator stack holders for 4-sided readout: '''HB'''.
* Individual modules must be self-contained and pre-cabled on 3 sides with only top-mounted USB-C I/O connector needing to be connected when assembling.


* We want everything to connect via usb-C (currently there is only one usb-C cable that does not work properly and it is a very long one). Did Saad discuss this with Marco? What was the outcome of the lab tests?
=== Photodiodes and Electronics ===
* We need all the power to come just from FPGA (5V, ~2A) ➾ the voltage regulator chips need to go.
* Long usb-C between the daugther board and the DDC will be removed, and the two can connect directly [daughter board - bridge usb C board - (usb C cable) - bridge board - DDC board]
* FPGA from Saad had some glitches that need to be resolved. Do we see those with Nexus as well as the usb104? ➾ On board fitting needs to be implemented


==Calibration and data==
* Front-end DDC boards need to shrink to accommodate Hamamatsu S12362 16-element arrays with 2.5 mm pitch: '''PH'''.
Is it possible to calibrate the detector without a proton beam?  
* Replace vertical USB-C connectors with horizontal and move to upstream end to match new 4-sided setup: '''PH''' to liaise with '''HB'''.
 
=== DAQ and GUI ===
 
* Streamline existing FPGA code to improve memory management: '''MW'''.
* Replace Raspberry Pi/USB104 with QuADProBe Kria (see below): '''F'''.
* Live GUI frequently unresponsive, needs resolving: '''JB'''.
* Replace PapaParse with direct JSON input: '''JB'''.
* Ensure post processing and replay fully functional to review previous beam tests: '''JB'''.
 
== QuADProBe Development ==
 
* 250 micron square scintillating fibre arrays: '''RR'''.
* Hamamatsu digital S17285 photodiode array readout.
* Kria-based DAQ.
 
=== Front-End Electronics ===
 
* Move to Hamamatsu S17285 arrays.
* Mechanical design of holder for scintillating fibres and photodiode arrays: '''HB'''.
* Interface board needed for power/timing signal distribution and board I/O: '''PH'''.
 
=== DAQ ===
 
* Transition from Pi/USB104 to Kria.
* Kria needs bespoke carrier board for power and DAQ interconnects: '''IC'''.
* Port existing Pi DAQ code to Kria: '''F'''.
* Expand firmware to include SciFi readout and 4-sided QuARC: '''F'''.
* Modify GUI to include spot position measurements: '''JB'''.
 
=== Reconstruction ===
 
* Development “Event Tagging” system to sync SciFi and QuARC “Events”: '''JB'''.
* Streamline reconstruction process to allow rapid reconstruction of acquired data: '''JB'''.
 
== Mechanical Design ('''HB''') ==
 
* Enlarge cover/alignment plates and resolve offset.
* Investigate use of carbon fibre sheet to replace aluminised mylar windows.
* Modify rails with better mounts for module fixation.
* Nozzle mount.
 
== Calibration and data ==
 
* Is it possible to calibrate the detector without a proton beam?  
* Maybe an e- beam beta source?  
* Maybe an e- beam beta source?  
* Modify the geant4 simulation to verify what E will we need so there is no quenching?
* Can we obtain average results to mitigate position sensitivity?


==GUI==
== To-do List for QuADProBe v3 1st Beam Test (as of 11/2026) ==
* Implement any options needed that have user input
=== Mechanical Design ===
* Replay and post-processing options
==== Scintillator Sheets ====
* Version with full live detector control ➾ reset and relaunch options included
* Machine down v2 QuARC module sheets to 2.5mm (aim to be done by Friday 20/11)
* Check current varian control system: what does if offer and how do they control the detector? ➾ Check with Clatterbridge, Allison and A. Mazal
==== QuARC Module Enclosures ====
* All machined - first fit week of 23/11 and work out if any issues.
 
==== Mounting and Racks ====
* Aim to do full test assembly in two weeks (two weeks from 11/11)
* Week of 30/11 can be disassembled again and sent off for anodising by the first week of December.
* Final aim to be reassembled with anodised parts before xmas break.
 
==== SciFi Module ====
* Check mounting with S71285-128 boards - single board per array first.(setup for medaustron)
* Check mechanical assembly with module and the mounting.
 
=== FPGA DAQ ===
==== Range Measurements with QuARC ====
==== Profile Measurements with SciFi ====
* Finish slides on S17285 pd array communication and signal requirements.
 
=== Web GUI ===
* Live GUI to poll and display single frame json at 25 Hz effectively working for QuARC data.
** Need to work on checking it can poll from data generated directly from Kria.
* Functionality to 'arm' detector (i.e. checking the VBus, checking read back pattern from DDC232s and checking S17285 PD arrays are functioning correctly before acquiring data)
* Additional GUI to monitor Kria parameters such as VBus etc
* Functionality to toggle between raw and calibrated data
* All functionality to display SciFi data.


==Mechanical design==
=== Beam Test Organisation and Logistics ===
* For 245 MeV, is it doable to do 1 module of 32 PD with the 2.8mm thick and then 3 modules of 32 PD with scintillators 3mm thick?
* How can we design the modules so they can attach and detach easily? ➾ We need a robust design but not rigid
* Power distribution?
* Beam windows? Light tight?


==Future beam tests==
== Future Beam Tests ==


* Beam test where we check the shape and position of the BP (scanning field)
* Compare QuADProBe performance against HIT scintillating fibre array: '''SJ''' to liaise with '''JH'''.
* Real treatment plans
* Retest alignment of Czech PTC nozzle and QA: '''SJ''' to liaise with Prague PTC.
* Testing with real gantry mount
* Collate list of centres that can provide scanned fields/treatment plans from experimental nozzles: '''SJ'''.
* Nozzle-mounted test with Mevion system at Maastro.

Latest revision as of 15:42, 11 November 2026

Personnel

  • UCL: Simon Jolly (SJ), Joseph Bateman (JB), Febian (F), Matt Warren (MW), Harry Barnett (HB).
  • Bari (Ba): Raffaella Radogna (RR).
  • Oxford University (Ox): Pete Hastings (PH), Mark Jones (MJ).
  • Imperial College (IC): Andy Rose (AR), Duncan Parker (DP), Munir Saleh (MS).
  • Heidelberg (He): Blake Leverington (BL), Julian Horn (JH).

Design Goals

  • Real-time measurements of PBT beam range with sub-millimetre precision using plastic scintillator range telescope.
  • Real-time measurement of PBT beam spot size/position with sub-millimetre precision using scintillating fibre arrays.
  • Coverage of “clinically relevant” transverse scanning area and range:
    • 250 MeV/400 mm range.
    • 5 cm × 5 cm scanning area.
  • Integration into single portable detector enclosure with single power and network inputs and nozzle mount.
  • Full system control and display with web-based GUI from on-board DAQ.

Current Status (October 2025)

  • QuARC tested in Trento:
    • Calibration stable.
    • Range measurements repeatable.
    • Full GUI control.
  • Fibre array prototype tested in Trento:
    • Analogue Hamamatsu photodiode arrays and driver circuits.
    • NI-driven DAQ.
    • Fibre arrays assembled in Italy with 500 micron scintillating fibres.
    • Repeatable, low noise measurements of beam position and profile at multiple positions and sizes.

QuARC Development

  • Reduce scintillator sheet thickness/photodiode spacing to 2.5 mm.
  • Improve manufacturing process and surface finish.
  • Move from 2 to 4-sided photodiode readout.
  • Replace individual photodiodes with 16-element arrays.
  • Daisy-chain electronics around 4 sides of single module.
  • Increase scintillator area to 150 × 150 mm.

Scintillator Development

  • Existing scintillator sheets need machining on Datron to improve quality and reduce thickness to 2.5 mm: HB.
  • Superior quality scintillator blanks needed from Nuvia: HB and SJ to liaise with Hana Buresova.
  • Move to larger area scintillator sheets once 100 mm sheet production refined.

Scintillator Modules

  • Redesign scintillator stack holders for 4-sided readout: HB.
  • Individual modules must be self-contained and pre-cabled on 3 sides with only top-mounted USB-C I/O connector needing to be connected when assembling.

Photodiodes and Electronics

  • Front-end DDC boards need to shrink to accommodate Hamamatsu S12362 16-element arrays with 2.5 mm pitch: PH.
  • Replace vertical USB-C connectors with horizontal and move to upstream end to match new 4-sided setup: PH to liaise with HB.

DAQ and GUI

  • Streamline existing FPGA code to improve memory management: MW.
  • Replace Raspberry Pi/USB104 with QuADProBe Kria (see below): F.
  • Live GUI frequently unresponsive, needs resolving: JB.
  • Replace PapaParse with direct JSON input: JB.
  • Ensure post processing and replay fully functional to review previous beam tests: JB.

QuADProBe Development

  • 250 micron square scintillating fibre arrays: RR.
  • Hamamatsu digital S17285 photodiode array readout.
  • Kria-based DAQ.

Front-End Electronics

  • Move to Hamamatsu S17285 arrays.
  • Mechanical design of holder for scintillating fibres and photodiode arrays: HB.
  • Interface board needed for power/timing signal distribution and board I/O: PH.

DAQ

  • Transition from Pi/USB104 to Kria.
  • Kria needs bespoke carrier board for power and DAQ interconnects: IC.
  • Port existing Pi DAQ code to Kria: F.
  • Expand firmware to include SciFi readout and 4-sided QuARC: F.
  • Modify GUI to include spot position measurements: JB.

Reconstruction

  • Development “Event Tagging” system to sync SciFi and QuARC “Events”: JB.
  • Streamline reconstruction process to allow rapid reconstruction of acquired data: JB.

Mechanical Design (HB)

  • Enlarge cover/alignment plates and resolve offset.
  • Investigate use of carbon fibre sheet to replace aluminised mylar windows.
  • Modify rails with better mounts for module fixation.
  • Nozzle mount.

Calibration and data

  • Is it possible to calibrate the detector without a proton beam?
  • Maybe an e- beam beta source?

To-do List for QuADProBe v3 1st Beam Test (as of 11/2026)

Mechanical Design

Scintillator Sheets

  • Machine down v2 QuARC module sheets to 2.5mm (aim to be done by Friday 20/11)

QuARC Module Enclosures

  • All machined - first fit week of 23/11 and work out if any issues.

Mounting and Racks

  • Aim to do full test assembly in two weeks (two weeks from 11/11)
  • Week of 30/11 can be disassembled again and sent off for anodising by the first week of December.
  • Final aim to be reassembled with anodised parts before xmas break.

SciFi Module

  • Check mounting with S71285-128 boards - single board per array first.(setup for medaustron)
  • Check mechanical assembly with module and the mounting.

FPGA DAQ

Range Measurements with QuARC

Profile Measurements with SciFi

  • Finish slides on S17285 pd array communication and signal requirements.

Web GUI

  • Live GUI to poll and display single frame json at 25 Hz effectively working for QuARC data.
    • Need to work on checking it can poll from data generated directly from Kria.
  • Functionality to 'arm' detector (i.e. checking the VBus, checking read back pattern from DDC232s and checking S17285 PD arrays are functioning correctly before acquiring data)
  • Additional GUI to monitor Kria parameters such as VBus etc
  • Functionality to toggle between raw and calibrated data
  • All functionality to display SciFi data.

Beam Test Organisation and Logistics

Future Beam Tests

  • Compare QuADProBe performance against HIT scintillating fibre array: SJ to liaise with JH.
  • Retest alignment of Czech PTC nozzle and QA: SJ to liaise with Prague PTC.
  • Collate list of centres that can provide scanned fields/treatment plans from experimental nozzles: SJ.
  • Nozzle-mounted test with Mevion system at Maastro.
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