\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.1}{\ignorespaces The allowed mass range for the Higgs}}{3}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.2}{\ignorespaces Overall view of the LHC experiments}}{6}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.3}{\ignorespaces Overhead schematic of NLC site layout}}{8}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.1}{\ignorespaces Electron and positron injectors for the NLC}}{13}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces Horizontal phase space (emittance) plot}}{15}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces NLC electron main damping ring}}{15}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces The NLC Beam Delivery System}}{17}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.5}{\ignorespaces Magnet poles, magnetic field and applied force for quadrupole magnet}}{20}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.6}{\ignorespaces A single FODO cell with quadrupoles}}{21}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.7}{\ignorespaces Sextupole magnet poles, coils and field lines}}{25}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.8}{\ignorespaces NLC Final Focus chromatic correction optics}}{26}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.9}{\ignorespaces Beta functions and horizontal dispersion for NLC Final Focus}}{27}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.10}{\ignorespaces The Wideroe-type accelerator}}{28}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.11}{\ignorespaces Different modes for adjacent single-gap cavities}}{29}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {2.11(a)}{\ignorespaces $\pi $\string \nobreakspace {}mode}}{29}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {2.11(b)}{\ignorespaces $2\pi $\string \nobreakspace {}mode}}{29}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.12}{\ignorespaces Accelerating gradient for various particles in an accelerating cavity}}{30}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.13}{\ignorespaces Longitudinal phase space ellipse bounded by separatrix}}{31}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.14}{\ignorespaces NLC standing wave structure}}{32}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.15}{\ignorespaces NLC travelling wave structure}}{32}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.16}{\ignorespaces Design of an NLC X5011 PPM klystron}}{35}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.17}{\ignorespaces Beamstrahlung emission in the beam-beam interaction}}{37}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.18}{\ignorespaces Effect of ${\cal {D}}=40$ for centred and off-centre beams}}{41}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.19}{\ignorespaces Vertical beam-beam deflection at the SLC}}{43}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.20}{\ignorespaces Simulated beam-beam deflection profile for the NLC}}{43}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.1}{\ignorespaces Luminosity loss as a function of relative beam offset for the NLC}}{46}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.2}{\ignorespaces Ground motion power spectrum for various accelerator tunnels}}{46}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.3}{\ignorespaces Schematic diagram of NLC IP Fast Feedback System}}{51}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.4}{\ignorespaces Detector Cross Section showing IPFB beamline components}}{51}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.5}{\ignorespaces EM-field within parallel plate kicker}}{54}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.6}{\ignorespaces Stripline BPM Impulse response}}{56}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.7}{\ignorespaces Block diagram of the IPFB BPM processor}}{56}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.8}{\ignorespaces High-pass filter circuit and frequency response}}{57}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.8(a)}{\ignorespaces High-pass filter circuit}}{57}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.8(b)}{\ignorespaces Circuit frequency response}}{57}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.9}{\ignorespaces Low-pass filter circuit and frequency response}}{59}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.9(a)}{\ignorespaces Low-pass filter circuit}}{59}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.9(b)}{\ignorespaces Circuit frequency response}}{59}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.10}{\ignorespaces Band-pass filtered BPM signal}}{60}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.11}{\ignorespaces Double-balanced mixer circuit diagram}}{61}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.12}{\ignorespaces Band-pass filtered and mixed BPM signals}}{62}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.13}{\ignorespaces Downmixed raw BPM signal}}{63}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.14}{\ignorespaces Block diagram for BPM processor tests}}{64}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.15}{\ignorespaces Simulated bunch train for BPM processor test}}{65}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.15(a)}{\ignorespaces DG535 square pulse trigger}}{65}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.15(b)}{\ignorespaces SMT03 simulated bunch train}}{65}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.15(c)}{\ignorespaces Bunch train leading edge}}{65}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.16}{\ignorespaces ZFM-2000 and ZP-5MH mixer bunch train response}}{66}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.16(a)}{\ignorespaces ZFM-2000 downmixed pulse (cyan) and bunch train signal (blue)}}{66}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.16(b)}{\ignorespaces ZFM-2000 downmixed pulse leading edge}}{66}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.16(c)}{\ignorespaces ZP-5MH downmixed pulse leading edge}}{66}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.17}{\ignorespaces Simulink IPFB block diagram}}{68}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.18}{\ignorespaces IP beam positions using IPFB for 15\nobreakspace {}nm offset}}{69}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.19}{\ignorespaces IPFB system response for 15\nobreakspace {}nm offset}}{70}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.19(a)}{\ignorespaces IPFB system response - first 70\string \nobreakspace {}ns}}{70}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.19(b)}{\ignorespaces IPFB system response - full train}}{70}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.20}{\ignorespaces IP beam position and system response for low kicker gain}}{71}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.20(a)}{\ignorespaces IP beam position}}{71}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.20(b)}{\ignorespaces IPFB system response}}{71}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.21}{\ignorespaces IP beam position and system response for high kicker gain}}{71}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.21(a)}{\ignorespaces IP beam position}}{71}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {3.21(b)}{\ignorespaces IPFB system response}}{71}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.22}{\ignorespaces Luminosity loss as a function of beam offset and feedback gain}}{73}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.23}{\ignorespaces Overhead view of SLAC Linear Collider}}{74}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.24}{\ignorespaces Sector 2 of the SLAC linac}}{75}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.25}{\ignorespaces Ground Plan of the NLCTA}}{78}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.26}{\ignorespaces NLCTA beam jitter measurements at 6 locations}}{79}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces Image charge from charged beam}}{82}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Image current, charge and voltage on button BPM}}{83}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.2(a)}{\ignorespaces Image charge on button}}{83}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.2(b)}{\ignorespaces Image current on button}}{83}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.2(c)}{\ignorespaces Voltage from button}}{83}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Schematic diagram of SLC stripline BPM}}{85}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces Monopole and Dipole fields within a Cavity BPM}}{86}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces FONT X-band BPM}}{89}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.6}{\ignorespaces Spherical cube used for X-band BPM}}{90}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.6(a)}{\ignorespaces Spherical Cube}}{90}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.6(b)}{\ignorespaces Spherical cube dimensions}}{90}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.7}{\ignorespaces SMA feedthroughs used for X-band BPM}}{91}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.7(a)}{\ignorespaces SMA feedthrough}}{91}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.7(b)}{\ignorespaces SMA feedthrough dimensions}}{91}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.8}{\ignorespaces Location of FONT BPM}}{91}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.9}{\ignorespaces S$_{11}$ measurements for X-band BPM pickoffs}}{94}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.9(a)}{\ignorespaces S$_{11}$ for Top pickoff}}{94}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.9(b)}{\ignorespaces S$_{11}$ for Bottom pickoff}}{94}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.9(c)}{\ignorespaces S$_{11}$ for Left pickoff}}{94}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.9(d)}{\ignorespaces S$_{11}$ for Right pickoff}}{94}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.10}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ measurements for X-band BPM pickoffs for narrow bandwidth}}{95}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.10(a)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Top \& Bottom}}{95}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.10(b)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Left \& Right}}{95}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.10(c)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Top \& Left}}{95}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.10(d)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Top \& Right}}{95}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.10(e)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Bottom \& Left}}{95}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.10(f)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Bottom \& Right}}{95}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.11}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ measurements for X-band BPM pickoffs for wide bandwidth}}{96}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.11(a)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Top \& Bottom}}{96}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.11(b)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Left \& Right}}{96}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.11(c)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Top \& Left}}{96}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.11(d)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Top \& Right}}{96}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.11(e)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Bottom \& Left}}{96}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.11(f)}{\ignorespaces S$_{21}$ for Bottom \& Right}}{96}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.12}{\ignorespaces Block diagram of simple X-band BPM Processor}}{100}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.13}{\ignorespaces GaAs conduction band and I/V curve}}{101}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.13(a)}{\ignorespaces GaAs conduction band\string \nobreakspace {}\string \cite {gunneffect}}}{101}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.13(b)}{\ignorespaces GaAs I/V curve\string \nobreakspace {}\string \cite {scotsguide}}}{101}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.14}{\ignorespaces Creation of a Gunn domain}}{101}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.15}{\ignorespaces Gunn diode trigger circuit}}{103}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.16}{\ignorespaces Gunn diode and timing circuit}}{103}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.17}{\ignorespaces Gunn diode, isolators, timing circuit and signal inputs}}{104}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.18}{\ignorespaces Gunn diode power output and phase lock}}{105}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.18(a)}{\ignorespaces Power output}}{105}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.18(b)}{\ignorespaces Phase lock}}{105}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.19}{\ignorespaces BPM pickoff short pulse response}}{106}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.20}{\ignorespaces Toroid pulse response}}{107}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.21}{\ignorespaces Integrated BPM pickoff short pulse response}}{108}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.22}{\ignorespaces Integrated toroid short pulse response}}{109}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.23}{\ignorespaces Attenuation of MH-01-SC mixer at 11.404\nobreakspace {}GHz}}{110}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.24}{\ignorespaces RC-Gaussian fit to short pulse data}}{113}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.25}{\ignorespaces RC-Square fit to short pulse data}}{114}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.26}{\ignorespaces RC-Gaussian fit with reflection to short pulse data}}{115}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.27}{\ignorespaces RC-Square fit with reflection to short pulse data}}{115}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.28}{\ignorespaces Block diagram of FONT BPM processor}}{118}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.29}{\ignorespaces Cabling arrangement for FONT BPM processor}}{119}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.30}{\ignorespaces Dimensions of X-band amplifier}}{120}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.31}{\ignorespaces X-band amplifier installed in NLCTA tunnel}}{122}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.32}{\ignorespaces Location of stripline BPM's used for FONT tests}}{126}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.33}{\ignorespaces FONT BPM raw difference signal for short pulse beam}}{127}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.34}{\ignorespaces FONT BPM raw sum signal for short pulse beam}}{128}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.35}{\ignorespaces Toroid 1750 output for short pulse beam}}{128}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.36}{\ignorespaces FONT BPM raw difference signal for 6 datasets at 5 beam positions}}{129}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.36(a)}{\ignorespaces 4.0\string \nobreakspace {}G-m}}{129}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.36(b)}{\ignorespaces 2.5\string \nobreakspace {}G-m}}{129}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.36(c)}{\ignorespaces 1.29\string \nobreakspace {}G-m}}{129}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.36(d)}{\ignorespaces 1.29\string \nobreakspace {}G-m}}{129}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.36(e)}{\ignorespaces -0.5\string \nobreakspace {}G-m}}{129}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.36(f)}{\ignorespaces -2.0\string \nobreakspace {}G-m}}{129}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.37}{\ignorespaces FONT BPM normalised position vs.\nobreakspace {}BPM 1761}}{130}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.38}{\ignorespaces BPM 1761 position vs.\nobreakspace {}YCOR 1650 integrated field}}{130}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.39}{\ignorespaces X-band BPM sum signal vs.\nobreakspace {}toroid output for short pulse beam}}{132}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.40}{\ignorespaces Simulated BPM pulse}}{133}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.41}{\ignorespaces Simulated BPM pulse for top and bottom pickoff with 132\nobreakspace {}ps delay}}{134}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.42}{\ignorespaces Simulated modulated X-band BPM pulse}}{134}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.43}{\ignorespaces Leading edge of simulated modulated X-band BPM pulse}}{135}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.44}{\ignorespaces Simulated X-band pulse produced after pickoff subtraction}}{135}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.45}{\ignorespaces Downmixed X-band pulse produced after pickoff subtraction}}{136}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.46}{\ignorespaces Simulated BPM difference signal for high and low beams}}{137}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.46(a)}{\ignorespaces High beam}}{137}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.46(b)}{\ignorespaces Low beam}}{137}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.47}{\ignorespaces Downmixed X-band pulse for real 44\nobreakspace {}ps time difference}}{138}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.48}{\ignorespaces Downmixed X-band pulse for $10^{\circ }$ phase error}}{139}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.49}{\ignorespaces BPM sum signal and toroid output for long pulse}}{140}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.50}{\ignorespaces Scaled BPM sum signal and toroid output for long pulse}}{141}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.51}{\ignorespaces Comparison of BPM sum and toroid signals}}{142}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.51(a)}{\ignorespaces }}{142}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.51(b)}{\ignorespaces }}{142}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.51(c)}{\ignorespaces }}{142}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.51(d)}{\ignorespaces }}{142}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.51(e)}{\ignorespaces }}{142}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.51(f)}{\ignorespaces }}{142}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.52}{\ignorespaces Mean BPM sum signal vs.\nobreakspace {}mean toroid output for long pulse}}{143}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.53}{\ignorespaces BPM sum and difference signals for long pulse}}{143}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.54}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position for long pulse}}{144}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.55}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position for long pulse for 10 different dipole settings}}{145}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.56}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position vs.\nobreakspace {}YCOR 1650 integrated field for long pulse}}{146}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.57}{\ignorespaces BPM sum and toroid signals as a function of time}}{147}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.57(a)}{\ignorespaces Mean sum signal}}{147}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {4.57(b)}{\ignorespaces Mean toroid output}}{147}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.58}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position vs.\nobreakspace {}YCOR 1650 integrated field for the first 8 dipole settings}}{148}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.59}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position vs.\nobreakspace {}BPM 1761 position for long pulse}}{148}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.60}{\ignorespaces BPM 1761 position vs.\nobreakspace {}YCOR 1650 integrated field for long pulse}}{149}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.61}{\ignorespaces FONT BPM difference signal for single pulse with overshoot}}{150}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.62}{\ignorespaces Toroid output for single pulse of long pulse beam}}{150}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.63}{\ignorespaces Simulated X-band BPM pickoff signals for long pulse}}{151}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.64}{\ignorespaces Simulated X-band BPM difference signal for 0.5\nobreakspace {}ns pickoff signal length difference}}{151}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.1}{\ignorespaces Front section of the NLCTA}}{155}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.2}{\ignorespaces Rear section of the NLCTA}}{156}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.3}{\ignorespaces Beamline components in the FONT area}}{157}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.4}{\ignorespaces Beta functions for the NLCTA}}{159}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.5}{\ignorespaces The FONT integrated magnet assembly}}{161}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.6}{\ignorespaces The FONT integrated magnet assembly installed on the NLCTA}}{161}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.7}{\ignorespaces The SLC Type 4 Corrector magnet}}{162}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.8}{\ignorespaces Schematic diagram of the SLC Type 4 Corrector}}{162}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.9}{\ignorespaces Hysteresis curve for Type 4 Corrector}}{164}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.10}{\ignorespaces Schematic diagram of the SLC Type 6 Corrector}}{165}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.11}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position vs.\nobreakspace {}FONT dipole integrated field for long pulse}}{167}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.12}{\ignorespaces BPM 1761 position vs.\nobreakspace {}FONT dipole integrated field for long pulse}}{167}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.13}{\ignorespaces BPM 1761 position vs.\nobreakspace {}FONT dipole integrated field for 8 dipole settings}}{168}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.14}{\ignorespaces BPM sum and Toroid signals as a function of time}}{169}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.14(a)}{\ignorespaces Mean sum signal}}{169}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.14(b)}{\ignorespaces Mean Toroid output}}{169}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.15}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position vs.\nobreakspace {}BPM 1761 position for long pulse}}{169}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.16}{\ignorespaces The SLC Scavenger Post Kicker magnet}}{170}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.17}{\ignorespaces Schematic diagram of the SLC Scavenger Post Kicker}}{171}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.18}{\ignorespaces Output pulse of Q-switch power supply}}{174}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.19}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position for 3 kicker voltages}}{175}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.20}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position for various kicker voltages}}{175}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.21}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position vs.\nobreakspace {}kicker voltage}}{176}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.22}{\ignorespaces Normalised BPM position vs.\nobreakspace {}kicker voltage using baseline subtraction}}{177}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.23}{\ignorespaces Block diagram of the FONT feedback system}}{179}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.24}{\ignorespaces Circuit diagram of the FONT normalisation circuit}}{181}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.25}{\ignorespaces AD835 multiplier block diagram}}{182}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.26}{\ignorespaces Circuit diagram of the FONT feedback circuit}}{185}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.27}{\ignorespaces The assembled FONT feedback circuit}}{187}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.28}{\ignorespaces Feedback circuit front and rear panels}}{188}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.28(a)}{\ignorespaces Front panel}}{188}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.28(b)}{\ignorespaces Rear panel}}{188}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.29}{\ignorespaces Circuit diagrams of FONT signal pre-amps}}{192}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.30}{\ignorespaces Y690 planar triode tube and diagram}}{193}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.30(a)}{\ignorespaces Planar triode}}{193}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.30(b)}{\ignorespaces Triode tube diagram}}{193}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.31}{\ignorespaces Kicker amplifier electronics}}{195}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.32}{\ignorespaces Kicker amplifier external control boxes}}{195}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.32(a)}{\ignorespaces PSU box}}{195}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.32(b)}{\ignorespaces Control box}}{195}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.33}{\ignorespaces Real charge signal used for feedback circuit bench test}}{196}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.34}{\ignorespaces FONT feedback tester circuit diagram}}{198}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.35}{\ignorespaces Simulated input waveforms used for feedback circuit bench test}}{201}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.35(a)}{\ignorespaces Flat charge distribution}}{201}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.35(b)}{\ignorespaces Tilted charge distribution}}{201}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.35(c)}{\ignorespaces Realistic charge signal}}{201}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.36}{\ignorespaces Simulated position and difference signals}}{202}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.36(a)}{\ignorespaces Position signal}}{202}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.36(b)}{\ignorespaces Difference signal}}{202}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.37}{\ignorespaces Feedback circuit output with simulated beam input}}{203}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.38}{\ignorespaces Feedback circuit output with tilted charge profile}}{204}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.39}{\ignorespaces Feedback circuit output with double-peaked charge profile}}{204}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.40}{\ignorespaces Feedback circuit output using delay loop with simulated beam input}}{205}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.41}{\ignorespaces Feedback circuit normalised output and feedback loop signal}}{205}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.42}{\ignorespaces Pre-amp and feedback circuit cabling}}{207}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.43}{\ignorespaces Feedback circuit output and delay loop}}{207}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.44}{\ignorespaces Kicker amplifier, kicker magnet and cabling}}{209}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.45}{\ignorespaces Fully shielded FONT system}}{209}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.46}{\ignorespaces Feedback circuit normalised BPM signal output}}{210}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.47}{\ignorespaces Calculated normalised BPM response}}{211}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.48}{\ignorespaces Comparison of calculated position signal with feedback circuit output}}{212}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.49}{\ignorespaces Mean normalised signal output of the feedback circuit}}{212}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.50}{\ignorespaces Mean normalised signal output of the feedback circuit}}{213}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.51}{\ignorespaces Signal output of the kicker amplifier}}{215}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.51(a)}{\ignorespaces Kicker amplifier output}}{215}
\contentsline {subfigure}{\string \numberline {5.51(b)}{\ignorespaces Close-up of modulated region}}{215}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.52}{\ignorespaces Normalised beam position with kicker amplifier on and off}}{216}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.53}{\ignorespaces Difference in normalised position with kicker amplifier on and off}}{216}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.54}{\ignorespaces Normalised beam position for 5 beam positions}}{217}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.55}{\ignorespaces Normalised beam position for low gain without delay loop}}{218}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.56}{\ignorespaces Normalised beam position for high gain without delay loop}}{218}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.57}{\ignorespaces Normalised beam position for low gain using delay loop}}{220}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.58}{\ignorespaces Normalised beam position for high gain using delay loop}}{220}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.59}{\ignorespaces Position correction using full feedback system}}{222}
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