Proton Calorimetry/Experimental Runs/2025/Trento 2025-03

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Beam Time Request Forms

https://www.hep.ucl.ac.uk/pbt/wikiData/BeamRequests/Trento_09_2025/

Experiment Equipment

Item Notes
Network Hub Set in control room to take output from experimental room ethernet connection. Control laptops connected via 5GHz WiFi.
Control Laptop x2 1 for remote control of FPGA, 1 for notes/web GUI.
Ethernet Cable x 2 To connect DAQ laptop to network in the experimental room, control laptop to network in control room.
Portable Enclosure
Scintillator stacks 4 Modules (to cover the full clinical range, from 60 to 250 MeV)
Scintillating fibers module 1 2D Module
DAQ laptop x1 Control photodiode acquisition.
Nexys Video FPGA development board. For interfacing between DDC232 and PC.

Schematic

UCL_Setup.png


Fiber Module Experiment Equipment

Item Notes
2D Fiber Arrays 2 Modules of vertical and horizontal fibers
Read-out electronics 2 Hamamatsu S13885-128 photodiode array each coupled to a Hamamatsu C9118-02 driver circuit
ZYBO Z7-10 Diligent FPGA development board. To provide clocks to C9118.
NI USB-6366 Multifunction I/O device. For interfacing between C9118 and PC.
DAQ laptop x1 Control photodiode acquisition.

Experiment Plan

For each beam delivery, our acquisition time is 5 seconds. This gives us an optimal number of events. For FLASH beam time restrictions, we could consider reducing the acquisition time, if necessary.

  • Set up mains cabling and networking in treatment and control rooms.
    • no beam
  • Install Peli case on treatment couch.
    • no beam
  • Background
    • no beam
  • Calibration shoot-through measurements of 4 stack modules: either rotating case or modules for back shoot-through:
    • 8 beam deliveries 245 MeV conventional current (2 beam deliveries (back and forth) per each module)
    • additional 2 or 3 beam deliveries 245 MeV at conventional current might be needed to find the minimum DDC232 FSR that does not saturate the signal.
    • 8 beam deliveries 245 MeV FLASH current (2 beam deliveries (back and forth) per each module)
    • additional 2 or 3 beam deliveries 245 MeV at FLASH current might be needed to find the minimum DDC232 FSR that does not saturate the signal.
  • Pristine Bragg peak measurements at clinical current for full clinical range:
    • 19 beam deliveries from 245 MeV and 240 to 70 MeV in 10 MeV steps.
  • Pristine Bragg peak measurements at FLASH current for full clinical range:
    • 19 beam deliveries from 245 MeV and from 240 to 70 MeV in 10 MeV steps at FLASH current.
      • if there is FLASH beam time limitation we can take less energies points. Moreover, we could reduced the acquisition time for each FLASH beam delivery.
  • Spot scanning:
    • pristine Bragg Peak measurements at fixed energy (i.e. 150 MeV and 245 MeV) and clinical current shifting the beam up, down, left and right wrt isocenter by 3mm
      • 4 beam deliveries per energy

Setup

  • Peli case set up on FLASH station.
  • Network connected through TIFPA experimental room patch panel:
    • Inside experimental room:
      • Long cable from patch panel (1) to DLink switch.
      • Long cable from switch to QuARC.
      • Short cable from switch to profile monitor DAQ laptop.
    • Inside control room:
      • Long cable from patch panel (5) to GL.iNet Slate router.
      • Short cables to laptops.
  • Case aligned to room lasers:
    • Blocks used for levelling.
    • Set up on height adjustable platform.
    • Aligned to front cover plate.

Measurements 29/09/2025

  • Approximately 100 minutes running 29/09/2025 (20:50–22:30).
  • Peli case set up without movable stage: 1cm block under front, ~3mm under rear to level case.
  • Isocentre at upstream face of first stack (level with inner edge of wheel mounts).
  • Alignment checked with in room lasers after each adjustment.
  • Beam optics are different between CONV mode and FLASH mode:
    • Other than FLASH shoot through measurement with stack 1, running restricted to CONV mode.
    • Current sufficient at maximum ion source current to almost saturate QuARC).
  • SciFi monitor not installed.

Calibration conventional and FLASH

Run number Modules Beam Energy (MeV) Estimated Range (mm) Ion Source Current (nA) Delivered protons Irradiation time Spot size (mm, FWHM) DDC232 FSR (pC) DDC232 Integration Time (us) Acquisition Time (s) Degrader WET (mm) Beam setup Comments Photodiode QB Fit Replay Fit
1 1, 2, 3 Background 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 220 3 0 Background Lid open
2 1 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 3 0 Background Lid open
3 1 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 3 0 Background Lid open, added network switch to DAQ chain
4 1 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 3 0 Background Lid closed, BG with lid open ~0.10pC per PD, lid closed ~0.014pC
5 1 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 3 0 Background Lid open, Added long network cable between switch and wall patch panel
6 1 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 3 0 Background Lid closed, Peli case moved to FLASH beamline station and aligned with lasers @15.13
7 1 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 5 50 Background Peli case aligned, cover plates removed, 50mm WET installed
8 1 228 325 - - - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 FLASH, low current, shoot through front Only 50% of measurements acquired, saturating; aiming for 1nA at detector
9 1 228 325 - - - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 FLASH, low current, shoot through front 4 sheets saturating; aiming for 0.5nA at detector
10 1 228 325 - - - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 FLASH, low current, shoot through front Sheets saturating; aiming for 0.5nA at detector; switching to CONV optics
11 1 228 325 10 4E9 - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 CONV, high current, shoot through front Switch to CONV mode, good FSR
12 1 228 325 20 - - 6.8 350 170 5 50 CONV, high current, shoot through front ~20nA isocentre, ~120pC per sheet maximum
13 1 228 325 - 3E12 - 6.8 350 170 3 50 CONV, high current, shoot through front ~50nA isocentre, ~270pC per sheet maximum, Raspberry Pi frozen, restarted: only ~58% measurements recorded
14 1 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 3 50 Background Lid closed, stack rotated
15 1 228 325 10 4E9(?) - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 CONV, shoot through back ~1nA isocentre(?)
16 2 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 5 50 Background Lid closed, module 2 installed
17 2 228 325 1 - - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 Shoot through front
18 2 228 325 1 - - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 Shoot through back Rotated and reinstalled stack
19 3 Background N/A 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 170 5 50 Background Lid closed, module 3 installed
20 3 228 325 1 - - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 Shoot through front
21 3 228 325 1 - - 6.8 12.5 170 5 50 Shoot through back Rotated and reinstalled stack

Bragg Peak Measurements

Run number Modules Beam Energy (MeV) Estimated Range (mm) Ion Source Current (nA) Delivered protons Irradiation time Spot size (mm, FWHM) DDC232 FSR (pC) DDC232 Integration Time (us) Acquisition Time (s) Degrader WET (mm) Beam setup Comments Photodiode QB Fit Replay Fit
22 1, 2, 3 Background 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 220 5 0 Background Lid open, 3 modules installed
23 1, 2, 3 Background 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 220 5 0 Background Lid closed, 3 modules installed
24 1, 2, 3 179 215 1 1.3E11 20 8.7 12.5 220 5 0 CONV full energy 4 photodiodes saturating: drop next current in half, 1.3E11 in 20s
25 1, 2, 3 179 215 15nA - - 8.7 12.5 220 5 0 CONV full energy 15nA ion source current, ~1nA isocentre
26 1, 2, 3 179 215 300nA - - 8.7 350 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 300nA ion source current, ~10nA isocentre
27 1, 2, 3 179 215 250nA - - 8.7 350 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 250nA ion source current, ~8.3nA isocentre
28 1, 2, 3 179 215 200nA - - 8.7 350 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 200nA ion source current, ~6.7nA isocentre
29 1, 2, 3 179 215 150nA - - 8.7 350 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 150nA ion source current, ~5nA isocentre
30 1, 2, 3 179 215 100nA - - 8.7 350 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 100nA ion source current, ~3.3nA isocentre
31 1, 2, 3 Background 0 0 0 N/A 350 220 3 0 Background
32 1, 2, 3 179 215 60nA - - 8.7 50 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 60nA ion source current, had to retake
33 1, 2, 3 179 215 80nA - - 8.7 100 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 80nA ion source current, out of sequence, max 45pC per channel
34 1, 2, 3 179 215 40nA - - 8.7 50 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 40nA ion source current
35 1, 2, 3 179 215 20nA - - 8.7 50 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 20nA ion source current
36 1, 2, 3 148 155 300nA - - 10.6 350 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 300nA ion source current
37 1, 2, 3 112 95 300nA - - 13.3 350 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 300nA ion source current
38 1, 2, 3 70 41 300nA - - 16.2 350 220 3 0 CONV full energy, high current 300nA ion source current
39 1, 2, 3 Background 0 0 0 N/A 350 220 3 0 Background Lid closed
40 1, 2, 3 Background 0 0 0 N/A 12.5 220 3 0 Background Lid closed

Measurements 30/09/2025

  • Start time 20:05.
  • Approximately 140 minutes running 30/09/2025 (20:05–22:30).
  • Peli case set up with movable stage: ~3mm under front to level case:
    • SciFi monitor installed at front of rails.
    • Modules 1 and 2 installed behind.
  • Isocentre approximately aligned with first SciFi array (level with inner edge of wheel mounts).
  • Alignment checked with in room lasers after each adjustment.
  • Beam optics only using CONV mode.

General notes about the electronics

  • Hamamatsu C9118-02 operated in Low Gain
    • In low gain the dark output voltage is typ. 0.005 mV, max 0.1 mV
    • The saturation output voltage is min. 3 V typ 3.5 V
  • MCLK 1 MHz. Suggested min. reset time 10us and suggested min. integration time 17+4x128 clocks = 529 us.
  • FPGA high period of RESET clock (reset) = 50 us, low period (integration) 950 us.* Link to the datasheet

https://www.hamamatsu.com/content/dam/hamamatsu-photonics/sites/documents/99_SALES_LIBRARY/ssd/s11865-64_etc_kmpd1134e.pdf

SciFi Low Gain Saturation Measurements

SciFi in low gain mode.

Run number Modules Beam Energy (MeV) Estimated Range (mm) Ion Source Current (nA) Delivered protons Irradiation time Spot size (mm, FWHM) Translation stage position (mm) DDC232 FSR (pC) DDC232 Integration Time (us) Acquisition Time (s) Degrader WET (mm) Beam setup Comments Photodiode QB Fit Replay Fit
1 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 12.5 170 5 0 Background Lid closed, 2 modules installed
2 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 12.5 170 5 0 Background Lid closed, 2 modules installed
3 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 12.5 170 10 0 Background Lid open, 2 modules installed
4 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 12.5 170 10 0 Background Lid open, 2 modules installed
5 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 12.5 170 10 0 Background Lid closed, 2 modules installed
6 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 350 170 10 0 Background Lid open, 2 modules installed
7 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 0 350 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Intensity check w/max current, ~100pC max per channel QuARC, SciFi max ~450mV
8 1, 2 148 155 250 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Lowered QuARC FSR to 150pC
9 1, 2 148 155 200 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Only 54% acquisition, beam dropped out
10 1, 2 148 155 200 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 CONV saturation check GUI calibration: left side good, right side not working
11 1, 2 148 155 150 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 CONV saturation check
12 1, 2 148 155 100 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 CONV saturation check
13 1, 2 148 155 80 - - 10.6 0 50 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Lowered QuARC FSR to 50pC
14 1, 2 148 155 60 - - 10.6 0 50 170 10 0 CONV saturation check
15 1, 2 148 155 40 - - 10.6 0 50 170 10 0 CONV saturation check
16 1, 2 148 155 20 - - 10.6 0 50 170 10 0 CONV saturation check
17 1, 2 148 155 10 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Lowest stable ion source current
18 1, 2 148 155 5 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Ion source potentially unstable; QuARC max 1.8pC per channel
19 1, 2 148 155 2 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Ion source failed after ~24%
20 1, 2 148 155 2 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Repeat at 2nA; potentially 1nA extracted due to ion source instability
21 1, 2 148 155 1 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV saturation check Ion source very low extraction
22 1, 2 148 155 0.5 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 QuARC low intensity check Ion source very low: 1nA with reduced extraction voltage
23 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 Saturation recheck SciFi potentially saturating but data not recorded
24 1, 2 148 155 150 - - 10.6 0 100 170 10 0 Saturation recheck No SciFi data
25 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 Saturation recheck SciFi potentially saturating; Pi stopped acquisition at ~79%
26 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 150 170 10 0 Background Comms check
27 1, 2 148 155 150 - - 10.6 0 100 170 10 0 Saturation recheck Repeat to check saturation

Beam Position Measurements

Horizontal translation of moving stage to assess beam position response.

Run number Modules Beam Energy (MeV) Estimated Range (mm) Ion Source Current (nA) Delivered protons Irradiation time Spot size (mm, FWHM) Translation stage position (mm) DDC232 FSR (pC) DDC232 Integration Time (us) Acquisition Time (s) Degrader WET (mm) Beam setup Comments Photodiode QB Fit Replay Fit
28 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 CONV position check Maximum SciFi intensity ~900mV
29 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 5 150 170 10 0 CONV position check Case moved 5mm left: beam spot 5mm right
30 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 10 150 170 10 0 CONV position check Trento beam data in same file as +5mm
31 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 15 150 170 10 0 CONV position check
32 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 20 150 170 10 0 CONV position check Beam request failed first time; data retaken
33 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 CONV position check Return to central position
34 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 -5 150 170 10 0 CONV position check Case moved 5mm right: beam spot 5mm left
35 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 -10 150 170 10 0 CONV position check
36 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 -15 150 170 10 0 CONV position check
37 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 -20 150 170 10 0 CONV position check
38 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 CONV position check Return to neutral position
39 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 150 170 10 0 Background Lid closed

Spot Size Variation Measurements

Run number Modules Beam Energy (MeV) Estimated Range (mm) Ion Source Current (nA) Delivered protons Irradiation time Spot size (mm, FWHM) Translation stage position (mm) DDC232 FSR (pC) DDC232 Integration Time (us) Acquisition Time (s) Degrader WET (mm) Beam setup Comments Photodiode QB Fit Replay Fit
40 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 150 170 10 0 Background Lid closed, high gain background check
41 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 High gain saturation check SciFi max voltage ~1.6V
42 1, 2 228 325 300 - - 6.8 0 150 170 10 0 Spot size variation Pi connection lost; SciFi saturating
n 1, 2 179 215 10 - - 8.7 0 12.5 170 10 0 Spot size variation
n 1, 2 112 95 10 - - 13 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV spot size variation Set current for maximum SciFi intensity 2.8-3V
n 1, 2 70 41 10 - - 16.2 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV spot size variation Set current for maximum SciFi intensity 2.8-3V

High Gain Saturation Measurements

Repeat saturation measurements with SciFi high gain setting.

Run number Modules Beam Energy (MeV) Estimated Range (mm) Ion Source Current (nA) Delivered protons Irradiation time Spot size (mm, FWHM) Translation stage position (mm) DDC232 FSR (pC) DDC232 Integration Time (us) Acquisition Time (s) Degrader WET (mm) Beam setup Comments Photodiode QB Fit Replay Fit
40 1, 2 Background 0 0 0 N/A 0 150 170 10 0 Background Lid closed, high gain background check
41 1, 2 148 155 300 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 High gain saturation check SciFi max voltage ~1.6V
42 1, 2 148 155 250 - - 10.6 0 150 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 200 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 150 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 100 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 80 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 60 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 40 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 20 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 10 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 5 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 2 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 1 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 0.5 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 0.2 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain
n 1, 2 148 155 0.1 - - 10.6 0 12.5 170 10 0 High gain saturation check Intensity check w/high gain

Spot Size Variation Measurements

Run number Modules Beam Energy (MeV) Estimated Range (mm) Ion Source Current (nA) Delivered protons Irradiation time Spot size (mm, FWHM) Translation stage position (mm) DDC232 FSR (pC) DDC232 Integration Time (us) Acquisition Time (s) Degrader WET (mm) Beam setup Comments Photodiode QB Fit Replay Fit
n 1, 2 228 325 300 - - 6.8 0 150 170 10 0 Spot size variation
n 1, 2 179 215 10 - - 8.7 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV spot size variation Set current for maximum SciFi intensity 2.8-3V
n 1, 2 112 95 10 - - 13 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV spot size variation Set current for maximum SciFi intensity 2.8-3V
n 1, 2 70 41 10 - - 16.2 0 12.5 170 10 0 CONV spot size variation Set current for maximum SciFi intensity 2.8-3V
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