Plots and Data

We provide data with a consistent choice of units in order to compare in the plots below. Our choice of units:

• The first column of each csv text file is given as \(\log_{10}(m_N/\mathrm{GeV})\)

• The second column of each csv text file is given as \(\log_{10}(|U_{\alpha N}|^2)\)

We also give the png, pdf and py plotting code for the figures below.

A bib file containing the references below: References.

Updates

• 31/03/2023: Added BEBC limits on \(|U_{eN}|^2\) and \(|U_{\tau N}|^2\) from Ref. [173].

Electron Mixing \(|U_{eN}|^2\)

Current Constraints

Fig. 1 Current constraints on the electron neutrino-sterile neutrino mixing \(|U_{eN}|^2\) as a function of the sterile neutrino mass \(m_N\).

• All Data

• PDF File/PNG File

• Plotting Code

Experiment/Analysis	Reference	Data
Daya Bay	[80]	.csv
DANSS	[78]	.csv
KamLAND	[1]	.csv
Solar and KamLAND	[87]	.csv
NEOS	[79]	.csv
SuperKamiokande + IceCube + DeepCore	[87]	.csv
\(^3\mathrm{H}\) Beta Decay (Hiddemann et al.)	[60]	.csv
\(^3\mathrm{H}\) Beta Decay (Mainz)	[61]	.csv
\(^3\mathrm{H}\) Beta Decay (Troitsk 2013)	[62]	.csv
\(^3\mathrm{H}\) Beta Decay (Troitsk 2017)	[63]	.csv
\(^{137}\mathrm{Re}\) Beta Decay	[70]	.csv
\(^{63}\mathrm{Ni}\) Beta Decay	[67]	.csv
\(^{35}\mathrm{S}\) Beta Decay	[65]	.csv
\(^{45}\mathrm{Ca}\) Beta Decay	[66]	.csv
\(^{64}\mathrm{Cu}\) Beta Decay	[68]	.csv
\(^{144}\mathrm{Ce}-^{144}\mathrm{Pr}\) Beta Decay	[69]	.csv
\(^{20}\mathrm{F}\) Beta Decay	[64]	.csv
BeEST \(^{7}\mathrm{Be}\) Beta Decay	[174]	.csv
Rovno	[73]	.csv
Bugey	[74]	.csv
Borexino	[75]	.csv
PIENU	[37]	.csv
Improved Pion Decay Contraints	[38][39]	.csv
PS191 (+ Reanalysis)	[48]	.csv
IHEP-JINR	[49][37]	.csv
NA62	[175]	.csv
T2K	[50]	.csv
SuperKamiokande	[176]	.csv
LNV Meson Decays	[55][3][34][56]	.csv
CHARM	[46][47]	.csv
BEBC	[173]	.csv
BESIII	[57]	.csv
NA3	[45]	.csv
Belle	[44]	.csv
DELPHI	[23]	.csv
L3	[21][22]	.csv
ATLAS Dilepton + Jets	[9]	.csv
ATLAS Trilepton Prompt LNC (LNV)	[7]	.csv (.csv)
CMS Dilepton + Jets	[10]	.csv
CMS Trilepton Prompt LNC (LNV)	[8]	.csv
Higgs Decays	[13]	.csv
Electroweak Precision Data	[91][94][92][95]	.csv
CMB \(\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}\)	[137][107]	.csv
CMB + BAO + \(H_0\) (or \(H_0\) Only)	[107]	.csv (.csv)
Sterile Decays before BBN	[101][102]	.csv
NuSTAR X-rays	[115][116]	.csv
Supernovae MSW Effect (Shi and Sigl)	[121]	.csv
Supernovae MSW Effect (Raffelt and Zhou)	[128][177]	.csv
Supernovae MSW Effect (Zhou) Lower (Upper) Limit	[177]	.csv (.csv)
r-process Nucleosynthesis (Nunokawa et al.)	[122]	.csv

Future Sensitivities

Fig. 2 Future constraints on the electron neutrino-sterile neutrino mixing \(|U_{eN}|^2\) as a function of the sterile neutrino mass \(m_N\).

• All Data

• PDF File/PNG File

• Plotting Code

Experiment/Analysis	Reference	Data
Current LNC Constraints (Blue Shaded)	[A1]	.csv
Current LNV Constraints (Red Shaded)	[A1]	.csv
KATRIN \(^3\mathrm{H}\) \(\beta\) decay	[71]	.csv
TRISTAN \(^3\mathrm{H}\) \(\beta\) decay	[71]	.csv
HUNTER	[178]	.csv, .csv, .csv
BeEST \(^{7}\mathrm{Be}\) Beta Decay	[174]	.csv, .csv, .csv
PIONEER	[179]	.csv
DUNE	[51][52]	.csv (.csv)
DUNE Indirect	[180]	.csv
NA62	[41]	.csv
AL3X	[14]	.csv
FASER-2	[16]	.csv
SHiP	[54]	.csv
MATHUSLA	[17]	.csv
CODEX-b	[181]	.csv
ANUBIS	[182]	.csv
Future LNV Meson Decays	[58]	.csv
LHCb Displaced Vertex	[183][184]	.csv
ATLAS Displaced Vertex	[184]	.csv
CMS Displaced Vertex	[184]	.csv
Lepton Displaced Vertex	[185]	.csv
FCC-ee	[25][186]	.csv
ILC	[26]	.csv
CLIC	[187][28]	.csv (.csv)
LHeC	[27][28][29]	.csv
High Luminosity LHC (and FCC-hh)	[12]	.csv (.csv)
FCC-he	[11][12]	.csv
ATHENA X-rays	[117]	.csv
eROSITA X-rays	[188]	.csv

Muon Mixing \(|U_{\mu N}|^2\)

Current Constraints

Fig. 3 Current constraints on the muon neutrino-sterile neutrino mixing \(|U_{\mu N}|^2\) as a function of the sterile neutrino mass \(m_N\).

• All Data

• PDF File/PNG File

• Plotting Code

Experiment/Analysis	Reference	Data
IceCUBE	[80]	.csv
MiniBooNE	[78]	.csv
CDHS	[189]	.csv
IceCUBE + DeepCore	[87]	.csv
NOvA	[87]	.csv
SuperKamiokande (Oscillations)	[190]	.csv
MINOS(+)	[191]	.csv
CCFR	[191]	.csv
PSI	[192]	.csv
\(\mu\) Spectrum	[193]	.csv
PIENU	[194]	.csv
KEK	[195][196]	.csv
PS191	[48]	.csv
SuperKamiokande (Decay)	[176]	.csv
E949	[197]	.csv
T2K	[50]	.csv
NA62	[175]	.csv
MicroBooNE	[198][199]	.csv, .csv
LNV Meson Decays	[3][34][55][56]	.csv
NuTeV	[200]	.csv
BEBC	[201]	.csv
FMMF	[202]	.csv
NA3	[45]	.csv
CHARM	[47]	.csv
LHCb	[203]	.csv
Belle	[44]	.csv
L3	[21]	.csv
DELPHI	[23]	.csv
ATLAS	[7]	.csv
CMS	[8]	.csv
Higgs Decays	[13]	.csv
Electroweak Precision Data	[91][94][92][95]	.csv
CMB \(\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}\)	[137][107]	.csv
CMB + BAO + \(H_0\) (or \(H_0\) Only)	[107]	.csv (.csv)
Sterile Decays before BBN	[101][102]	.csv
NuSTAR X-rays	[115][116]	.csv
Supernovae MSW Effect (Kopp)	[129]	.csv

Future Sensitivities

Fig. 4 Future constraints on the muon neutrino-sterile neutrino mixing \(|U_{\mu N}|^2\) as a function of the sterile neutrino mass \(m_N\).

• All Data

• PDF File/PNG File

• Plotting Code

Experiment/Analysis	Reference	Data
Current LNC Constraints (Blue Shaded)	[A1]	.csv
Current LNV Constraints (Red Shaded)	[A1]	.csv
DUNE	[51][52]	.csv
DUNE Indirect	[180]	.csv
NA62	[41]	.csv
AL3X	[14]	.csv
FASER-2	[16]	.csv
SHiP	[54]	.csv
MATHUSLA	[17]	.csv
CODEX-b	[181]	.csv
ANUBIS	[182]	.csv
Future LNV Meson Decays	[58]	.csv
LHCb Displaced Vertex	[183][184]	.csv
ATLAS Displaced Vertex	[184]	.csv
CMS Displaced Vertex	[184]	.csv
FCC-ee	[25][186]	.csv, .csv
High Luminosity LHC (and FCC-hh)	[12]	.csv (.csv)
ATHENA X-rays	[117]	.csv
eROSITA X-rays	[188]	.csv

Tau Mixing \(|U_{\tau N}|^2\)

Current Constraints

Fig. 5 Current constraints on the tau neutrino-sterile neutrino mixing \(|U_{\tau N}|^2\) as a function of the sterile neutrino mass \(m_N\).

• All Data

• PDF File/PNG File

• Plotting Code

Experiment/Analysis	Reference	Data
IceCUBE + DeepCore	[204][205]	.csv
SuperKamiokande (Oscillations)	[176]	.csv
T2K (Oscillations)	[176]	.csv
NOvA	[206]	.csv
CHARM	[207][208]	.csv, .csv
BEBC	[173]	.csv
NOMAD	[209]	.csv
Lepton Universality	[210]	.csv
T2K (Decays)	[50]	.csv
SuperKamiokande (Decays)	[176]	.csv
\(B\) Decays	[210]	.csv
L3	[21]	.csv
DELPHI	[23]	.csv
Electroweak Precision Data	[91][94][92][95]	.csv
CMB \(\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}\)	[137][107]	.csv
CMB + BAO + \(H_0\) (or \(H_0\) Only)	[107]	.csv (.csv)
Sterile Decays before BBN	[101][102]	.csv
NuSTAR X-rays	[115][116]	.csv
Supernovae MSW Effect (Kopp)	[129]	.csv
Supernovae MSW Effect (Mirizzi)	[211]	.csv

Future Sensitivities

Fig. 6 Future constraints on the tau neutrino-sterile neutrino mixing \(|U_{\tau N}|^2\) as a function of the sterile neutrino mass \(m_N\).

• All Data

• PDF File/PNG File

• Plotting Code

Experiment/Analysis	Reference	Data
Current LNC Constraints (Blue Shaded)	[A1]	.csv
DUNE	[51][52]	.csv
NA62	[41]	.csv
FASER-2	[16]	.csv
SHiP	[54]	.csv
MATHUSLA	[17]	.csv
CODEX-b	[181]	.csv
B Factory	[212]	.csv, .csv
Future LNV Meson Decays	[58]	.csv
LHCb Displaced Vertex	[183][184]	.csv
ATLAS Displaced Vertex	[184]	.csv
CMS Displaced Vertex	[184]	.csv
FCC-ee	[25]	.csv
High Luminosity LHC (and FCC-hh)	[12][213]	.csv, .csv (.csv)
ATHENA X-rays	[117]	.csv
eROSITA X-rays	[188]	.csv